History of Six Sigma

Walter A. Shewhart

Shewhart’s complete write-up.
‘Father’ of Statistical Quality Control – used statistics to make material improvements in processes.
Invented Plan-Do-Study-Act as a design approach
Theory about statistical control methods
Reduce variation to improve quality
Special variation vs. Common cause variation
Invented control charts

Joseph Juran

Juran’s complete write-up.
Six Sigma/quality projects must be “breakthrough” in nature.
Believed that anyone is a customer of a product or service if that person is affected by it.
Juran’s Quality Trilogy.
- Quality Planning
- Quality Control
- Quality Improvements
Quality cost measurement
Pareto analysis
Managing for Quality theory
“It is most important that top management be quality-minded. In the absence of sincere manifestation of interest at the top, little will happen below.”

W. Edwards Deming

Deming’s complete write-up.
Studied under Shewhart.
Taught Statistical Methods during WWII
Famous in Japan
Brought the Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle into widespread usage.
Maintained that senior management involvement was critical to a quality movement.
- 7 Deadly diseases of management.
- 14 Obligations of Top Management
Concentrated on improving the system.
Chain Reaction of Quality:
- “Improve Quality, Decrease Costs, Improve Productivity, Capture the market with better Quality and price, Stay in business, and Provide Jobs”
Constancy of purpose.

Kaoru Ishikawa

Ishikawa’s complete write up.
Father of Japanese Quality
Fishbone diagram (aka 4M/5M or cause and effect diagram)
Invented CWQC – Company Wide Quality Control
Sponsored the concept of “next operation (process step) as the client” to avoid workplace politics.
TQM– Fiegenbaum and Ishikawa (1980s)

Genichi Taguchi

Taguchi’s write-up.
Taguchi Loss Function
- Quality is related to the financial loss to society caused by a product during its life cycle.
Taguchi Robust Design
Developed a product quality system that introduced quality in the conceptual phase, brought it through the design phase, and eventually into manufacturing operations.

Philip B. Crosby

14 Step approach to Quality Improvements
4 Absolutes of Quality Management
1. Quality is conformance to requirements.
2. Quality comes from prevention.
3. Quality performance standard is zero defects.
4. Quality measurement is the price of non-conformance.
Created quality cost measurements

Armand V. Feigenbaum

Stated that a quality professional has an opportunity to become a true businessman.
Advocated for top management involvement in quality initiatives.
Established the concept of Total Quality Control & Management (TQM)
- Fiegenbaum and Ishikawa (1980s)

Motorola’s Mikel Harry

Bill Smith
- First introduced the term Six Sigma
- Convinced Motorola CEO Robert W Galvin to adopt Six Sigma
Mikel Harry
- Considered the main architect of Six Sigma
- Along with Bill Smith, developed MAIC that evolved into DMAIC
Robert Galvin
- CEO of Motorola
- The 1st CEO to understand the need to control variation

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